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  • 唐诗翻译成英文的方法

    1. 如何将唐诗翻译为英文

    错。

    总的来说,汉诗英译既要保留原诗之意,又要使译文符合目的语语体的表达规范。英文诗也是有格式的。

    最突出的一点是,和汉诗类似,英诗也讲究用韵。毕竟诗歌正是因为有韵律读起来才朗朗上口的。

    根据韵脚的位置,英诗有头韵,尾韵,甚至还有中韵。汉诗英译时要注意韵脚和音节数。

    在押韵和音节数,以及措辞风格,尽量和汉诗保持一致。拿莎士比亚十四行诗(十八)举例来说: 莎士比亚的十四行诗(十八)我是否可以把你比喻成夏天? Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?虽然你比夏天更可爱更温和: Thou art more lovely and more temperate:狂风会使五月娇蕾红消香断, Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,夏天拥有的时日也转瞬即过; And summer's lease hath all too short a date:有时天空之巨眼目光太炽热, Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,它金灿灿的面色也常被遮暗; And often is his gold complexion dimmed,而千芳万艳都终将凋零飘落, And every fair from fair sometime declines,被时运天道之更替剥尽红颜; By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed: 但你永恒的夏天将没有止尽, But thy eternal summer shall not fade,你所拥有的美貌也不会消失, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,死神终难夸口你游荡于死荫, Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,当你在不朽的诗中永葆盛时; When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,只要有人类生存,或人有眼睛, So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,我的诗就会流传并赋予你生命。

    So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.全诗的基本格律是五音步抑扬格(iambic pentameter),包括三个四行组(quatrain)和一个对偶句(couplet),采用典型的莎氏十四行的韵式,即abab cdcd efef gg在韵脚(end rhyme)方面,第二行的temperate与第四行的date押韵,但两个词的重音位置却不同,这一韵就既非阳韵(masculine rhyme)也非阴韵(feminine rhyme),显得不伦不类,与其它严整的韵对比,这一韵念起来令人颇感突兀,破坏了诗歌的音韵美。 头韵(alliteration)方面,第六和第七行都以And 起头,形成头韵,但这两个并列的简单陈述句从意义上看,造成了语意在同一水平上徘徊而不是递进,而且用相同的And起头使两句不仅在语意也在形式上显得拖沓而无变化,破坏了诗歌的音韵美和形式美。

    韵格(meter)方面,五音步抑扬格的诗歌是常有破格的,特别是在诗歌首行的第一个音步,经常是前重音后轻音。适当的破格可使诗歌免于呆板,增加变化,使音韵更显其美。

    但过多的破格就会打乱诗歌的格式,使其音律显得零碎,给诗歌带来负面影响,本诗即是如此。第一行“Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?”中的“thee to”是无法按轻重音的顺序来念的,第二行“Thou art more lovely and more temperate”中的两个more是强调,要念重音,因此这一行的韵格就不是抑扬格了。

    第六行“And often is his gold complexion dimm'd”中前两个音步的轻重音位置是模糊的。第十行“Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest”中的第一个音步可以看作是破格,第十一行“Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade”中的“Nor shall Death brag”重音和轻音顺序应是“重轻重重”,也不是抑扬格。

    2. 古诗怎么翻译成英文

    坦白说,你这个可是翻译界的“课题”级别的。

    就我们古诗翻译课上学到的东西来看,中国的译者偏向于“音译”,即偏重保留古诗的押韵的美感。同时,翻译比较严格的保留了诗歌本来的字面意思,即便遇到英语中没有的内容,也偏好通过注释等来补充。

    而国外的汉学家翻译的古诗则基本是“意译”,不太注重古诗本身的字面意思,也不偏重音韵的优美。很多时候外国的汉学家翻译过去的已经不成为“诗”,而更像是散文。

    推荐你可以看下英美现代诗歌早期的代表人物Ezra Pound,此人翻译了无数中国古诗,并且在20世纪初在欧美掀起了一股中文古诗热。他的翻译还是很具有代表性的。希望你能够从中找到一些灵感。

    3. 中文古诗翻译成英文古诗

    《春晓》春眠不觉晓,处处闻啼鸟。

    夜来风雨声,花落知多少。spring morningno aware of the spring moring,I hear birds singing everywhere,how many flowers have withered,in the wind and rain last night?《静夜诗》床前明月光,疑是地上霜。

    举头望明月,低头思故乡。silent night thoughtsseeing the bright moon above my room,suspious of frost on the ground.I rise to watch the moon,I bend to think of home.《行行重行行》行行重行行,与君生别离。

    相去万余里,各在天一涯;道路阻且长,会面安可知?胡马依北风,越鸟巢南枝。相去日以远,衣带日已缓;浮云蔽白日,游子不顾返。

    思君令人老,岁月忽已晚。弃捐勿复道,努力加餐饭! journey after journey,apart from you,my dear.thousand miles away,the end of the earth;the road narrow and long,when can we meet each other?the horse is against the mighty wind,the bird makes a nest on the branches.days have been long since we aparted,I miss you so much,clouds covering the sun,I cannot return,missing you makes me age,times are late suddenly,,what I can only do,is to have more meals.。

    4. 古诗怎么翻译成英文

    看看这些范文吧,希望对你有帮助

    “关关雎鸠,

    在河之洲。

    窈窕淑女,

    君子好逑。”

    A ragged fringe is the floating-heart,

    left and right we trail it:

    that mild-mannered good girl,

    awake, asleep, I search for her

    竹里馆 In A Retreat Among Bamboss

    独坐幽篁里Leaning alone in the close bamboos,

    弹琴复长啸I am playing my lute and humming a song

    深林人不知Too softly for anyone to hear --

    明月来相照Except my comrade, the bright moon

    送别 A Parting

    山中相送罢 Friend, I have watched you down the mountain

    日暮掩柴扉Till now in the dark I close my thatch door。.

    春草明年绿Grasses return again green in the spring,

    王孙归不归But O my Prince of Friends, do you?

    相思 One Hearted

    红豆生南国When those red berries come in springtime,

    春来发几枝Flushing on your southland branches,

    愿君多采撷Take home an armful, for my sake,

    此物最相思 As a symbol of our love.

    下终南山过斛斯山人宿置酒Down ZhongNan Mountain To The Kind Pillow And Bowl of Husi

    李白

    暮从碧山下Down the blue mountain in the evening,

    山月随人归Moonlight was my homeward escort.

    却顾所来径Looking back, I saw my path ,

    苍苍横翠微Lie in levels of deep shadow。.

    相携及田家I was passing the farm-house of a friend,

    童稚开荆扉When his children called from a gate of thorn

    绿竹入幽径And led me twining through jade bamboos

    青萝拂行衣Where green vines caught and held my clothes.

    欢言得所憩And I was glad of a chance to rest

    美酒聊共挥And glad of a chance to drink with my friend。.

    长歌吟松风We sang to the tune of the wind in the pines;

    曲尽河星稀And we finished our songs as the stars went down,

    我醉君复乐When, I being drunk and my friend more than happy,

    陶然共忘机 Between us we forgot the world.

    5. 帮手将一首简单的唐诗翻译成英文,拜托各位翻译高手和语言专家进来

    Moonlight covered the floor of my bedroom, Looking like a layer of frost, When i looked up at the moon in the sky, I began to miss my hometown.1).In the Still of the Night I descry bright moonlight in front of my bed. I suspect it to be hoary frost on the floor. I watch the bright moon, as I tilt back my head. I yearn, while stooping, for my homeland more. (徐忠杰) 2).A Tranquil Night Abed, I see a silver light, I wonder if it's frost aground. Looking up, I find the moon bright; Bowing, in homesickness I'm drowned. (许渊冲译) 3).In the Quiet Night So bright a gleam on the foot of my bed--- Could there have been a frost already? Lifting my head to look, I found that it was moonlight. Sinking back again, I thought suddenly of home. (Tr. Witter Bynner) 4). Night Thoughts I wake, and moonbeams play around my bed, Glittering like hoar-frost to my wandering eyes; Up towards the glorious moon I raise my head, Then lay me down---and thoughts of home arise. ( Tr. Herbert A. Giles) 5). On a Quiet Night I saw the moonlight before my couch, And wondered if it were not the frost on the ground. I raised my head and looked out on the mountain noon, I bowed my head and though of my far-off home. (TR. S. Obata) 6). The Moon Shines Everywhere Seeing the moon before my couch so bright I thought hoar frost had fallen from the night. On her clear face I gaze with lifted eyes: Then hide them full of Youth's sweet memories. (Tr. W.J.B. Fletcher) 7). Night Thoughts In front of my bed the moonlight is very bright. I wonder if that can be frost on the floor? I list up my head and look at the full noon, the dazzling moon. I drop my head, and think of the home of old days. (Tr. Amy Lowell) 8). Thoughts in a Tranquil Night Athwart the bed I watch the moonbeams cast a trail So bright, so cold, so frail, That for a space it gleams Like hoar-frost on the margin of my dreams. I raise my head, - The splendid moon I see: Then droop my head, And sink to dreams of thee - My father land , of thee! (Tr. L.Cranmer-Byng) 9). Nostalgia A splash of white on my bedroom floor. Hoarfrost? I raise my eyes to the moon, the same noon. As scenes long past come to mind, my eyes fall again on the splash of white, and my heart aches for home.。

    6. 古诗翻译成英文

    YueYing wind ChaYuan renewal

    Moon reflects grass-grown dancing

    Years in today

    She only among

    Breaks fairy

    only in the porch window of flower, the move to a few?

    Since the spirit, so frost is not WuChen supernatural.

    Flowers dancing butterfly

    Flowers dancing butterfly will be

    Hermia wind - at home

    Colorful fragrance drifting yingbin SongKe sleeve has charm fashion colour provoking love fragrance wanli forget time

    Jian Jia haired, for frost, so-called millennium yiren, ZaiShuiYiFang

    Peony and riches and honour, ou million more fresh color bosk,

    The flower show is rich, the former name in flowers.

    Longteng tripartite confrontation - the small gains the inevitability and mountains

    Time is ZhengYan flowers - flowers

    XunChun rain, the earth, ZhengYan phase, flowers, and see today!

    LouHuaNong

    Cloud to spend to let the clothes, spring breeze LouHuaNong trap. Unless the group, will head to the jade YaoTai on.

    Lily - wind and flowers. Optimum

    Element GuanMing jade, great music sounds of total diluted, The wind and flowers, into the mud fitness sweet smell sweet.

    7. 英文诗歌的翻译技巧

    “形” 与修辞手法 有些修辞手法如 “属性转移定语 (transferred epithet)” 及 “提喻 (synecdoche)” 等, 是英语中常用而汉语中罕见的。

    如果认定这些修辞手法就是不能更改的 “形”, 一定要把这类“形” 塞进汉语, 那就反客为主了。其结果, 要么译语不知所云, 要么造成误读。

    如前面所举 “Wild Nights---Wild Nights” 一诗的例子, 标题使用了一种称作“属性转移定语” 或 “移就” 的修辞手段, “wild” 所修饰的不是诗中紧接其后的 “夜(nights)”, 而是转移用来修饰隐含于字里行间的 “人”, 或者说用来描述人在夜里的某种狂烈情绪。因此, 我们可以说暴风雨不在室外, 而是在诗人心里, 是诗人一夜又一夜对爱人灼热的挚爱和难以了却的思念。

    如果按所谓 “形似” 的要求把它译成 “暴风雨夜晚” 就会造成误读, 似乎屋外无休无止地刮着暴风雨。 这位诗人的另一首诗 “The Soul Selects Her Own Society”, 标题本身就是运用提喻的修辞手法, 是部分代整体, 如果把它译成 “精神选定自己的伴侣” 就会让读者不知所云。

    这个译例错误有三:一是误将喻体当作本体, 选定 “伴侣” 的是人而不是精神;二是译文未能点明这种伴侣是精神上的伴侣, 这是本诗要旨所在, 它歌颂的就是一种柏拉图式的精神恋爱;三是违背汉语规范, “自己的” 这个定语应该去掉。因此, 这个诗句可以考虑译成 “选定精神伴侣”。

    “形” 与 “语域” 无论古今中外, 作为高雅的文学艺术, 诗歌的遣词造句有其特定的语域, 对 “形” 也有重要的影响。尽管随着语言的流变, 诗歌的语域会有异动, 但总会有一些合于常规的标准。

    当然, “背离” 现象也是有的, 如为了取得某种幽默之类的效果, 偶尔一用也未尚不可;不过, 如果随处都是无目的的 “背离” 现象, 无论原作还是译作, 那就不能称其为诗了。 《红楼梦》中薛蟠的酒令 “女儿悲”, 除第三句 “女儿喜, 洞房花烛朝慵起” 合于诗歌的语域规范被称赞为 “这句何其太雅” 之外, 其它三句则粗俗不堪;这一方面是因为内容荒诞, 另一方面则是因为背离了诗歌语域的 “形”, 甚至使用了禁忌语。

    曹雪芹是写诗的好手, 也是高明的小说家, 利用背离现象来刻划 “诗” 的作者粗浅无知、低级下流而又要附庸风雅的形象, 可谓入木三分。 再如托马斯.希普曼所写 “The Resolute Courtier”一诗, 虽然是当面口头求婚,但语言却古朴高雅,如“prithee”、“aye”、及“thou'lt” 等等,全无口语痕迹。

    这首诗开头两行如下: Prithee, say aye or no; If thou'lt not have me, tell me so; 主张以 “顿” 代 “步” 的译家将这两行译为: 请你说一声行不行; 你若要我,就对我挑明; 从音节与字、“步” 与 “顿” 的关系来看, 可以说大致相应或相等;两行对两行, 排列方式也相象, 而且连标点符号也一一对应, 这应该可以奉为 “形似” 的典范了。然而, 译作中难以入诗的词句以及与原作大相径庭的语域实在毫无 “形似” 可言。

    (六) “形” 与内容 人们往往误以为谈形式就应该撇开内容单谈形式, 不能将内容也牵扯进来。 语言是思维或思想内容的载体, 两种语言间的形式对应关系是由所表达的内容所决定的。

    如果把思想内容或思维比作一条中轴线, 那么, 语言的表现形式就会在它的两边形成某种模糊的对称(symmetry)。比如, “You had your breakfast in your room”这个常见的英语句子, 如果仅凭外在的所谓形式一词对一词地把它译成汉语便成了 “你在你的房间吃你的早餐。”

    但如果依据思想内容来判断, 这是一个错误的译例。当然, 这类简单的习惯用法在两种语言间的差异可以形式化, 不看内容即可将 “你的” 去掉而译成 “你在房间吃早餐。”

    不过, 有时候脱离了内容就没有形式可谈, “形” 往往具有欺骗性。如伊丽莎白一世所写的 “On Monsieur's departure” 这首诗中 “I am and not” 一句, 就不能按字典上给出的所指意义来理解其中的 “是动词”, 不能依据 “形式” 把它理解为 “我是又不是”;它的含义应为 “生存和毁灭”, 正与莎士比亚名剧 “哈姆莱特” 中 “To be or not to be, that is the question (生, 还是死, 这是一个问题)” 的 “是动词” 用法一样。

    因此, 正确的翻译应该是 “我已死, 我还生。” (七) “形” 与翻译技巧 所谓 “形” 指的是诗的整体, 各类 “形” 的对应关系是极其复杂的。

    翻开翻译教科书可以看到种种改造句型、调整词序、增删语句、倒换表达方法、转移修辞手段、变更思维模式等从实践中总结出来的技巧。这些技巧多是变死 “形” 为活 “形”。

    翻译中,各种文体以文学翻译为最难;而文学翻译中又以诗歌翻译为最难,这是不争的事实。但诗歌翻译从本质上讲却是各种文体翻译的集中代表(epitome), 而不是特例或 “背离现象(deviance)”;就其艺术创造的特点来看,其翻译实践更具代表性地需要遵循一般翻译规律。

    某些译家被 “形” 捆住手脚, 竟至于连基本的翻译技巧都避而远之。还是以上面提到的这首诗为例, 对照僵硬的译文可以看出拘泥于字句的弊端: The Soul Selects Her Own Society Emily Elizabeth 。

    8. 古诗词翻译成英文

    1. Tang Dynasty poet Yushina "cicada" wrote a poem: "Chui Yin Rui Lu Qing, Tong-ring for the dredging. Habitat loudly since far-is to take advantage of wind." Poetry, talking about the Zhile bow to drink a cool dew, the Indus tall tree there was a resounding call it. It is precisely because they are in height, the voice of a long, not with the wind Blower.

    2. "To the world as volume, excluding small shame; for the universal, regardless of subsection"

    3. "Judging from the astronomical to detect time-varying; judging from the humanities, to turn into the world" - "The Book of Changes"

    Trouble you help all of the above three cases to be translated into English

    唐诗翻译成英文的方法

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