英语论文摘要

seems like we need to do some copy plus translation work.

the differences in manners and customs between Chinese and western cultures.

The old saying: “When in Rome, do as the Romans” is not sufficient for bridging the communication gap and cultural differences between China and the western countries.What is considered "mannerly" is highly susceptible to change with time, geographical location, social stratum, occasion, and other factors. When exploring the differences in communication manners and customs, we set them mainly into three parts: manner and culture; communication manner and table manner. Considering the roots of these differents, histirical and regional causes might took the significant places. Therefore, a cross culture environment and a cross culture mind do lead to the better understanding in todays communication.

done. run your spell check please. I didnt pay any attention about spelling and the numbers of words while typing. add some words of your major couses.

good luck and best wishes.

英文摘要格式

一、标题 一篇较长的英语论文（如英语毕业论文）一般都需要标题页，其书写格式如下：第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一，与下行（通常为by，居中）的距离则为5cm，第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期（均居中）。

如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写，则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名（如：Dr./Prof.C.Prager）及本门课程的编号或名称（如：English 734或British Novel）。二、提纲 英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身，其规范格式如下：先在第一行（与打印纸顶端的距离仍为2.5cm左右）的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号，空一格后再打论题句，回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。

主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出，次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点，空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母；处于同一等级的纲目，其上下行左边必须对齐。

需要注意的是，同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上，即：有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ，有A应有B，以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长，需两页纸，则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码，即ii（第一页无需标页码）。

三、摘要1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。

2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。3、英文字体与行间距： 统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”,1.5倍行间距。

4、英文题目： 使用三号字加粗。5、英文摘要： “Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。

6、英文关键词： “Key Words”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。四、正文 有标题页和提纲页的英语论文，其正文第一页的规范格式为：论文标题居中，其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm，距正文第一行约1.5cm。

段首字母须缩进五格，即从第六格打起。正文第一页不必标页码（但应计算其页数），自第二页起，必须在每页的右上角（即空出第一行，在其后部）打上论文作者的姓，空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码；阿拉伯数字（或其最后一位）应为该行的最后一个空格。

在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式，即：句末号（句号、问号及感叹号）后应空两格，其他标点符号后则空一格。五、文中引述 正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节；既要注意引述与论文的有机统一，即其逻辑性，又要注意引述格式 （即英语论文参考文献）的规范性。

引述别人的观点，可以直接引用，也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式，论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。

美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。六、文献目录 论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况，即文献目录页。

美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited， 其格式须注意下列几点：目录页应与正文分开，另页打印，置于正文之后。目录页应视为英语论文的一页，按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码；如果条目较多，不止一页，则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码（但必须计算页数），其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。

标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为2.5cm，与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为0.6cm；各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为0.6cm，不必留出更多空白。各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等；各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列，但不要给各条目编码，也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。

各条目第一行需顶格打印，回行时均需缩进五格，以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。英语论文摘要又称文摘，是论文的重要组成部分，它是以提供文献内容梗概为目的，不加评论和补充解释，简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。

摘要应具有独立性和自明性，并拥有与文献同等量的主要信息，即不需阅读全文，就可获得重要的信息。摘要通常置于文题之后，文章之首。

在论文发表后，论文摘要常被文献检索系统所收集。英语论文摘要一般为200-300单词，并有与英文摘要表达观点一致的中文摘要与之对应。

扩展资料 论文的作用 论文为进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段，又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。

不同的人发表论文的作用也不同：1、评职称（晋升职称）：研究生 毕业需要；教师 、医护人员 、科研院所的人员、企业员工 等 晋升高一级的职称时，发表期刊论文是作为一项必须的参考指标。2、申报基金、课题 ：教育、科技、卫生系统 每年申报的国家自然科学基金项目、其它各种基金项目、各种研究课题时，发表论文 是作为 基金或课题 完成的一种研究成果的结论性展示。

3、世界性基础领域的研究，比如在医学、数学、物理、化学、生命科学 等领域开展的基础性研究，公开发表论文 是对最新科技 科学研究成果、研究方法的一种展示和报道。以推动整个社会的科技进步等。

参考资料来源：搜狗百科-英语论文。

摘要格式-论文的英文摘要怎么写

论文的摘要一般在一百到两百字左右，大论文（如四五万字的毕业论文）也可一页（七八百字）左右，要说明论文针对解决什么问题（即意义）、方法、如有实验则说明实验基本方法，研究的条件下所得出的一个至几个结论，最后一句总结结论在给定适用范围下的结论和推广意义。

比如，某条件下的某事情很重要，然而对某条件下的某参数的测定准确度不高，本文通过某方式在某条件下测得某结果，准确度达到多少，在某限定范围内，本方法可以有何种效果。 关键词一定是实词，一般是用来概括你的论文所涉及的一至多个领域，以及你认为重要的研究方法。

比如，一篇关于水处理的论文关键词可以是：饮用水、紫外消毒、有机物，这就可以了，当然具体的用词涉及到你的论文内容。

【英语论文翻译格式】

包括英文标题，英文作者名和单位名，英文摘要，英文关键词，中图分类号，正文，参考文献，中文标题，中文作者名和单位名，中文摘要，中文关键词等部分，并建议按此顺序书写.1.文章标题 英文标题一般在10个实词以内，最多不超过15个实词，避免使用非公知公用的缩略词，代号等.2.作者简介 作者真实姓名，作者单位全称，所在城市，邮编；如有多名作者，在每一作者姓名右上角依次标出与作者单位相对应的序号，如：CHUN Yu 1,DONG Xiao-xue2 (1.Department of Electronic Engineering,School of Information Science and Technology,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China; 2.School of Mechatronic Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China).3.论文如有涉密问题或已在公开期刊上发表，请在篇首页地脚处注明.4.摘要 英文摘要一般为150-180个实词，中文摘要一般在300字以内，中英文摘要应基本一致.其内容应包括研究目的，方法，结果，结论等，禁用"本文"，"作者"，"This paper"等作主语.详见"科技期刊文章摘要5.关键词 每篇文章可选3~8个能反映文章主要内容的单词，词组或术语.英文关键词应与中文关键词相对应.6.中图分类号 请查《中国图书馆分类法》.7.正文 正文篇幅一般希望控制在成书5页（记空格，图表占位）以内.内容力求有创新，论证严谨，语句通顺，文字精炼.8.文中正体，斜体，黑体字符的用法：9.图形图中所有线条，文字必须用黑色绘制；用线形或标识符区分；不得有背景；图中线条须清晰，均匀，刻度线向内侧画，并且间隔应均匀；图中坐标线粗0.5磅，曲线宽度为坐标线宽度的3倍；10.表格要求 表格采用三线表，表头中使用物理量符号/单位，11.参考文献 来稿引用他人观点与材料，须将参考文献按正文中出现的先后次序列于文后，文中须在引用处右上角加注"[序号]".中文参考文献必须列出相应的英文，并在后面加注"（in Chinese）".。

英语summary范文,希望是读者文摘之类的summary

MY TEACHER My former teacher, who had taught me English for six years, is a woman in her sixties. I describe her as a "woman" at her age because in my minds eye, she never loses her attraction in fashions, light cosmetics, and particularly, her skills scarves whether it is in summer or winter. I still remember the first day when I met her in junior high school, she showed me around the new campus and my nervousness melted gradually in her unassuming manner, something resembling my grandmas, and something more beyond the average older persons.She was born in Hong Kong and after her Westernized education, she became a journalist. Owing to this special profession, she could come to China freely, there in Beijing, she met a young engineer who later on won her heart and married her. Then she stayed, serving as a faculty member in Beijing Foreign language Institution. Maybe she was destined to enjoy mo tranquility, for everything changed almost in a days time. Because of the unprecedented culture revolution, she and her husband, they two intellectuals were sent to a small town - though it becomes my hometown - and it was they who, dedicated themselves to the so-called city construction. She swept the streets, plants trees, and did all kinds of labor but return to school. As to that period of time, she just sighed a simple reply "the past has passed, I have not, and will still not regret my decision to stay." But more and less, her wrinkled serious face revealed her untold stories and endurance. Teacher that she is, shes well-known for drawing cartoon pictures. Dull texts were changed into impressive clues and knowledge that most interested us. Often it was up to us to stand on the rostrum, expressing whatever we had to say in English. She would rather be an audience sitting among us, and of course, a stern critic as well.She set up her own image to teach us knowledge, and also, a sense of responsibility. During one winter vacation, she volunteered to assist us in preparing the provincial English contest. I clearly remember a day just before the New Years Eve, when she appeared a little bit late like a snowman in the classroom, the whole noisy class fell into silence. It was snowing hard outside, yet the inside warmth encouraged us to work even harder.Ever year groups of students said good-bye to her on their way to college. Luckily I was one of her last students as now she has got retired. It seemed to be arranged that we went to see her during every vacation. How I wish to listen to her again, sharing her fresh ideas about the national affairs, about the campus, about each of her Christmas Days in Hong Kong. Shes still young and talkative, as IN the days in her teaching career.Bad news came that her husband died of cancer this summer before I went back. How could she endure such misfortune? How could she kill her loneliness? I wondered on the upstairs to visit her when I heard that piece of familiar piano music. The tone sounded so elegant that it reminded me of the player at once - it must be my dear teacher!Now shes living alone as her two daughters live abroad. "You see the walls of original novels? I bought them at your age but not until now could I have enough time to red. And my favorite piano, the birthday present sent by my husband, will keep me company." With these words about her leisure, she sat down by the piano again.I was deeply engrossed in her playing, through which I knew her further, a devoted teacher WHO seeks neither fame nor gain, and a splendid character who has undergone a lifetime of ups and downs.。

写英文摘要,帮忙

"globalizationoflaw",afterdiscussingthetwoviewsthenreachingimplicationofthe"globalizationoflaw";Itshowthatthe"Localizationoflaw"isincludedbyoneaspectorastageof"globalizationoflaw",anddiscussit;Finally,fromtheseveralaspectsofthemeaningof"globalizationoflaw",analysishowtorespondto"globalizationoflaw",andgetthebestdevelopmentofthelegalofonecountryinthechallengesof"globalizationoflaw".。

文章摘要 中译英

reading style of readers changed a lot in the recent years ,which require the library should change their working mode 。

the most important change is that the arise and fast increasing of the digital reading books,and portable reading style , the spread of the audio and video reading materials 。 this text is to describe the background and the changing trend of these reading style 。

at last ,we got the conclusion that the libraries should change their working mode to adapt the demand of development,and issue the advice to how to do the transition well 。

英语总结范文 是summary哟

新概念第二册第73课summary writing参考范文

第73课

A boy who played truant traveled 1,600 miles. He hitchhiked to Dover where he slept in a boat, only to find himself in Calais the next morning. A lorry driver gave him a lift and something to eat, and the boy got off near Paris. He stopped another car but, instead of being taken to Paris, he was taken to Perpignan on the French-Spanish border. After being picked up by a policeman, he was sent home by the local authorities.(80 words)

A boy played truant from school and traveled 1,600 miles. After hitchhiking to Dover, he slept in a boat. The next morning he found himself in Calais, where a lorry driver gave him a lift and something to eat. On getting off near Paris, he stopped another car which did not take him to Paris but to Perpignan on the French-Spanish border. There he was picked up by a policeman and sent home by the local authorities.

论文英语摘要——急

Since Chinas accession to the WTO, a new round of medical reform and the implementation of medical equipment to the Chinese market has brought the prospect of a broader, owing to historical reasons, as well as its own, Chinas medical equipment production and sales of businesses and the overall level of developed countries, a large gap still exists, as more and more multinational enterprises to enter Chinese medical device market is increasingly fierce competition for Chinas medical device business a severe test, but also bring about greater development opportunities, competitive where there is the development of Chinas medical equipment enterprises in the fierce competition to gain a foothold; how the ever-changing market environment, the adjustment of marketing strategy, effective marketing strategy to achieve the development of enterprises, how to make use of advanced technology, as well as others strong management and marketing to their own, these are medical device companies need to consider the important issue.

Changsha Huatong medical equipment Co., Ltd. is established in 2002 as an agent for a major form of medical equipment enterprises in the current competitive environment industry, the company still made a very good development, and her success is its unique inseparable from the marketing model

In this study, Marketing Theory, in-depth analysis of the industrys current situation and development trend of the future based on the study of relationship marketing strengths and weaknesses of the SWOT analysis carried out. Huatong of medical equipment Changsha Limited real-world analysis, research the specific advantage of relationship marketing, as well as the specific application of specific strategies, hoping to market medical devices for better market research to provide some reference to the marketing model.