researchproposal中文

怎样写一篇好的RESEARCH PROPOSAL

每个学术研究者必须经历的一道关卡，就是Research Proposal的写作。

它大致对应中文里的“开题报告”、“选题报告”、“研究报告”，是一项研究开始之前的提纲、规划和陈述；既是为了帮助自己梳理文献、整理思路、廓清方向，也常常是写给相关他人的说明：研究动机和意义何在？可能有何成果？为什么它值得你的资助/认可/支持/批准？不知道是否可以说，好的proposal是研究成功的一半。但实际而功利的说，如果你的proposal很烂，可能根本就不会有开始研究的机会。

How to write a research proposal？能否写出漂亮的proposal，本质上取决于你对研究的思考深度和专业水准。但形式也很重要。

英文的Research Proposal自有一套“八股”。程式化和结构化的好处就在于，可以让读者直接集中注意到最本质的内容上，而不是为形式分神。

对于非英语native speaker的我们，如何理解英文学术世界的规范或曰思维定势，也是写作proposal之前必备的背景知识。下面这篇流传甚广的Research Proposal写作指南，言简意赅，颇具启发，对我自己的写作有所帮助，也希望能给更多的学界同仁带来便利。

[点击这里，查看更多关于RESEARCH PROPOSAL以及GRANT PROPOSAL、PROJECT PROPOSAL写作的网上资源] 文章作者Paul T. P. Wong, Ph.D., C.Psych. (Research Director, Graduate Program in Counselling Psychology. Trinity Western University Langley, BC, Canada). 题为：How to Write a Research Proposal. 全文转载如下： Most students and beginning researchers do not fully understand what a research proposal means, nor do they understand its importance. To put it bluntly, ones research is only as a good as ones proposal. An ill-conceived proposal dooms the project even if it somehow gets through the Thesis Supervisory Committee. A high quality proposal, on the other hand, not only promises success for the project, but also impresses your Thesis Committee about your potential as a researcher. A research proposal is intended to convince others that you have a worthwhile research project and that you have the competence and the work-plan to complete it. Generally, a research proposal should contain all the key elements involved in the research process and include sufficient information for the readers to evaluate the proposed study. Regardless of your research area and the methodology you choose, all research proposals must address the following questions: What you plan to accomplish, why you want to do it and how you are going to do it. The proposal should have sufficient information to convince your readers that you have an important research idea, that you have a good grasp of the relevant literature and the major issues, and that your methodology is sound. The quality of your research proposal depends not only on the quality of your proposed project, but also on the quality of your proposal writing. A good research project may run the risk of rejection simply because the proposal is poorly written. Therefore, it pays if your writing is coherent, clear and compelling. This paper focuses on proposal writing rather than on the development of research ideas. TITLE: It should be concise and descriptive. For example, the phrase, “An investigation of . . .” could be omitted. Often titles are stated in terms of a functional relationship, because such titles clearly indicate the independent and dependent variables. However, if possible, think of an informative but catchy title. An effective title not only pricks the readers interest, but also predisposes him/her favourably towards the proposal. ABSTRACT: It is a brief summary of approximately 300 words. It should include the research question, the rationale for the study, the hypothesis (if any), the method and the main findings. Descriptions of the method may include the design, procedures, the sample and any instruments that will be used. INTRODUCTION: The main purpose of the introduction is to provide the necessary background or context for your research problem. How to frame the research problem is perhaps the biggest problem in proposal writing. If the research problem is framed in the context of a general, rambling literature review, then the research question may appear trivial and uninteresting. However, if the same question is placed in the context of a very focused and current research area, its significance will become evident. Unfortunately, there are no hard and fast rules on how to frame your research question just as there is no prescription on how to write an interesting and informative opening paragraph. A lot depends on your creativity, your ability to think clearly and the depth of your understanding of problem areas. However, try to place your research question in the 。

留学生写作Research proposal是什么

对于dissertation写作来说，research proposal是至关重要的，所以今天小编要讲解的就是如何写好research proposal。

首先我们来了解一下什么是research proposal? Research Proposal就是研究计划，同学们在开始dissertation时，会需要先完成一篇research proposal，其写作目的在于告诉你的读者，在本文中你将会完成怎么样的研究？你的研究动机是什么？课题价值体现在哪？该研究会取得怎样的成果？所以，同学们即可以把research proposal当做是对读者的一种陈述，也可以当做是对自己dissertation写作的一种规划。那么要如何写好research proposal呢？俗话说得好，磨刀不误砍柴工。

在开始写作之前，同学们应该花费一定的时间去对你将要完成的research proposal进行相关资料的研读，其中相关资料应该包含有研究背景、计划以及研究的领域等相关内容。虽说这都是一些基础的东西，但是却对大家的RP写作很有帮助。

除此之外，小编还建议同学们可以设定一个时间计划表，说明在哪个时间段去完成哪一部分的内容，这样更加有利于同学们督促自己的写作进度。 Research Proposal写作注意事项：无论是dissertation还是proposal，清晰易懂的逻辑结构才是最重要的。

关于Research Proposal写作结构小编之前也有介绍过，所以在此就不再多说了，不清楚的同学们可以参考阅读：Research Proposal写作方法（附Proposal代写范文）其中值得注意的是，部分同学可能对于Methodology的写作不是很清楚，因此就采用了refer to existing literature的方式来进行分析，虽然说refer to existing literature也的确算是一种研究方法，但是它极其容易被同学们错用称references来进行归纳总结，所以这种方法是不可取的。除此之外，Research Proposal（研究计划）在写作时会需要同学们利用现有资源对你将要进行的研究进行一个计划和设计，该研究方案会涉及到很多细节性的东西，具体到每一步该怎么做，每一个难题该怎样去解决。

回答来源于meeloun：原文链接。

留学申请的Research Proposal怎么写

每个学术研究者留学申请必须经历的一道关卡，就是Research Proposal的写作。

How to write a research proposal？能否写出漂亮的proposal，本质上取决于你对研究的思考深度和专业水准。但形式也很重要。

英文的Research Proposal自有一套“八股”。程式化和结构化的好处就在于，可以让读者直接集中注意到最本质的内容上，而不是为形式分神。

各位留英前辈,请如何写Researchproposal

Your research proposal does not need to be in the same field that you have studied。

It is what you would like to pursue as a graduate student (I assume)。 If you cant find a topic listed under the faculty interests, it is still possible if the topics are closely associated。

Many of the faculty have ample money to fund interesting related projects that are not their primary interests。 It would be like a pilot project for them。

If it goes well, it may turn into their primary interst。 If you are pursuing a totally separate field, you can choose something that you want to do and something that you are capable of doing。

For example, you majored in EE as an undergrad, and you want to do bioMEMS research for graduate work。 Its definite related and you will be able to apply your knowledge towards that project。

怎样写好research proposal

研究计划；研究提案；研究计划书例句释义：全部，研究计划，研究提案，研究计划书1.Student oral presentations of research proposal due进行研究提议的口头陈述报告2.Ethical Principle of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research(Proposal)人类胚胎干细胞研究的伦理准则（建议稿）3.Writing a research proposal in clinical psychology临床心理学研究计划的写作要点4.Most students and beginning researchers do not fully understand what aresearch proposal means, nor do they understand its importance.大多数学生和刚起步的研究者都不了解什么是研究计划，也不知道其重要性。

申请文书Research proposal怎么写

首先，先讨论最常见的SOP。

无论申请什么学校，一定都会要求SOP。这份文件通常分以下几个部份：大学时期修过课程，大学时期研究，硕班时期修过课程，硕班时期研究，课外活动，打工或工作经验，毕业后的研究经验，未来研究计划。

Statement of purpose里的研究计划大概只有一段左右。整篇statement大约为1000字上下最为常见。

Research proposal一般来说是申请博士才会需要，但是有一些硕士班申请也会要求。通常research proposal会比statementof purpose长。

依学校要求可能少则1000字，多则高达十几二十页。至于research proposal要写得多详细？有两种方式：一个是挑一个研究的方向，写得很详细，展现出现你有能力做深度的研究；另一个是挑两三个研究的主题，每一个都讨论一页左右，让学校觉得你是一个很有弹性，愿意多方学习的人。

最重要的是，一定要去学校的网站看有哪些研究者，哪些教授，这些教授最近的学生在做什么主题，他们自己又是做什么主题。你写的研究方向如果是教授几年前在做的主题，可能他现在已经没有在做了，或是做腻了，教授可能就不会特别想收你。

教授最近在做什么研究，学校的网站会给你最初步的了解，但是最重要的是看教授最近发表的paper或是书，或是他的学生发表的paper或是书是在做什么主题。 Research proposal通常还会包含一个 literature review，也就是把目前为止学者们做的研究做到哪里了，写出来。

那接下来你得说明，你赞成哪些**，不赞成哪些**，以及最重要的是，你未来的研究，跟前人的研究有什么不同，你的学术贡献在哪里？如果是你比较top priority想申请的学校，建议博士班申请可以将自己的研究想法，过去做过的研究成果，以及未来想走的方向写一封大约500字的email给你中意的教授。甚至如果有时间的话，可以去参加conference，遇到教授时就直接上前跟他攀谈。

如果没有conference可参加，那就直接寄信问教授是否有意愿跟你会面。寄简短的research proposal给教授，要注意的是，不要只写：我对你的研究很有兴趣…我毕业于XX大学…我觉得你是很优秀的教授…等等这种废话。

请尽量言之有物，不要长篇大论，超过500字会让对方觉得负担很大，可能不会想看你的email。但是太短或是太废话，又会觉得你不够优秀，教授可能会不想浪费时间跟你往来通信或是跟你会面讨论你的博士计划。

以上当然是最佳的状况，也就是你对你申请的学校的program蛮了解的，你也对你未来的指导教授的研究蛮了解的。如果没有时间，或是真的还是有一点状况外，那research proposal可能写不了很深入，自己找一个主题写深入又怕教授不喜欢你的主题，不想收你。

这时候可能research proposal就得写得比较广泛一些。但是说广泛也还是得展现出你有念博班的资格。

可能可以挑三个研究方向来写，每一个都写上500-1000字，然后跟教授说你对三个都有兴趣，如果有机会的话看是否可以跟教授讨论。最后一种为personal statement，有时是称之为personal history。

这一类的文件是我目前在修改文件时最头痛的，往往文不对题，而且只是把statement of purpose里的东西改编一下，换句话说而已。Personal statement是要让你展现出你的个人特质。

学校每年收到数百上千份文件，而且每一个人的背景都蛮优秀的，statement of purpose通常都是写你是XX大学毕业，大学做了什么研究，要蛮化也蛮难的。Personalstatement则是让你可以写出你的家庭背景，特别的经验等等。

如果讨论家庭背景，请不要写：我有爸爸，妈妈，跟一个哥哥，家庭和乐，妈妈很辛苦…之类的话。家庭背景其实要写的是，比如说，父亲是教授对你有什么启发，家境很不好对你求学之路有什么影响，原住民背景让你在求学之路有什么影响。

一般来说外国人会比较喜欢白手起家，或是很努力型的小孩。如果家境很好，请不要讲家里开公司，从小不愁吃不愁穿，所以不知道要做什么，只好申请国外的学校。

还是要着重在家里虽然蛮富裕的，父亲却很重视家庭，所以你从小就在自家公司打工，学习父亲的精神，看见父亲很辛苦，想帮忙所以想多学一些技能，希望回国后能分担父亲的劳苦。Personal statement其实有一点洒狗血，讲得很生动，很感人，或是很悲惨可能加分效果会比较好。

另外像是如果有特别的经验，像是从小就搬家到美国，不太会讲中文，夹在中国跟美国文化中间。或是曾经摆摊卖鸡排，找出该炸多久最好吃，鸡排应该定价多少最赚钱等。

或是曾经拿着吉他走唱。或是你做的youtube video超红超多人点看。

或是你很会唱歌，拿到全校卡拉OK大王。每年计算机展一定会带你的专业相机去拍show girl，波在网络上获得大家广大的回响。

不要小看人的魅力。我们觉得很正常很宅男的兴趣，外国人往往会觉得非常有趣。

再来，很多人很喜欢写的课外活动为旅行。但是如果你的所谓旅行是参加旅行团去日本或是法国这类先进国家，其实加分效果不太高。

因为华人游客给外国人印象很差，根本不是旅行，只是去拍照的。所以除非你去的国家很多很特别，或是你的旅行方式很自助很特别，或是你上山下海高空弹跳搭直升机样样来，尽量。

如何写作 Research Proposal

How to Write a Research Proposal Paul T. P. Wong, Ph.D., C.Psych. Research Director, Graduate Program in Counselling Psychology Trinity Western University Langley, BC, Canada Most students and beginning researchers do not fully understand what a research proposal means, nor do they understand its importance. To put it bluntly, ones research is only as a good as ones proposal. An ill-conceived proposal dooms the project even if it somehow gets through the Thesis Supervisory Committee. A high quality proposal, on the other hand, not only promises success for the project, but also impresses your Thesis Committee about your potential as a researcher. A research proposal is intended to convince others that you have a worthwhile research project and that you have the competence and the work-plan to complete it. Generally, a research proposal should contain all the key elements involved in the research process and include sufficient information for the readers to evaluate the proposed study. Regardless of your research area and the methodology you choose, all research proposals must address the following questions: What you plan to accomplish, why you want to do it and how you are going to do it. The proposal should have sufficient information to convince your readers that you have an important research idea, that you have a good grasp of the relevant literature and the major issues, and that your methodology is sound. The quality of your research proposal depends not only on the quality of your proposed project, but also on the quality of your proposal writing. A good research project may run the risk of rejection simply because the proposal is poorly written. Therefore, it pays if your writing is coherent, clear and compelling. This paper focuses on proposal writing rather than on the development of research ideas. Title: It should be concise and descriptive. For example, the phrase, "An investigation of . . ." could be omitted. Often titles are stated in terms of a functional relationship, because such titles clearly indicate the independent and dependent variables. However, if possible, think of an informative but catchy title. An effective title not only pricks the readers interest, but also predisposes him/her favourably towards the proposal. Abstract: It is a brief summary of approximately 300 words. It should include the research question, the rationale for the study, the hypothesis (if any), the method and the main findings. Descriptions of the method may include the design, procedures, the sample and any instruments that will be used. Introduction: The main purpose of the introduction is to provide the necessary background or context for your research problem. How to frame the research problem is perhaps the biggest problem in proposal writing. If the research problem is framed in the context of a general, rambling literature review, then the research question may appear trivial and uninteresting. However, if the same question is placed in the context of a very focused and current research area, its significance will become evident. Unfortunately, there are no hard and fast rules on how to frame your research question just as there is no prescription on how to write an interesting and informative opening paragraph. A lot depends on your creativity, your ability to think clearly and the depth of your understanding of problem areas. However, try to place your research question in the context of either a current "hot" area, or an older area that remains viable. Secondly, you need to provide a brief but appropriate historical backdrop. Thirdly, provide the contemporary context in which your proposed research question occupies the central stage. Finally, identify "key players" and refer to the most relevant and representative publications. In short, try to paint your research question in broad brushes and at the same time bring out its significance. The introduction typically begins with a general statement of the problem area, with a focus on a specific research problem, to be followed by the rational or justification for the proposed study. The introduction generally covers the following elements: State the research problem, which is often referred to as the purpose of the study. Provide the context and set the stage for your research question in such a way as to show its necessity and importance. Present the rationale of your proposed study and clearly indicate why it is worth doing. Briefly describe the major issues and sub-problems to be addressed by your research. Identify the key independent and dependent variables of your experiment. Alternatively, specify the 。

英语论文proposa是什么啊l

就是英文开题报告。网上的资料比较多。我摘录一段供参考

每个学术研究者必须经历的一道关卡，就是Research Proposal的写作。它大致对应中文里的“开题报告”、“选题报告”、“研究报告”，是一项研究开始之前的提纲、规划和陈述；既是为了帮助自己梳理文献、整理思路、廓清方向，也常常是写给相关他人的说明：研究动机和意义何在？可能有何成果？为什么它值得你的资助/认可/支持/批准？不知道是否可以说，好的proposal是研究成功的一半。但实际而功利的说，如果你的proposal很烂，可能根本就不会有开始研究的机会。

申请英国大学的Personal Statement范例

每个学术研究者必须经历的一道关卡，就是Research Proposal的写作。

How to write a research proposal？能否写出漂亮的proposal，本质上取决于你对研究的思考深度和专业水准。但形式也很重要。

英文的Research Proposal自有一套“八股”。程式化和结构化的好处就在于，可以让读者直接集中注意到最本质的内容上，而不是为形式分神。

文章作者Paul T. P. Wong, Ph.D., C.Psych. (Research Director, Graduate Program in Counselling Psychology. Trinity Western University Langley, BC, Canada). 题为：How to Write a Research Proposal. 全文转载如下： Most students and beginning researchers do not fully understand what a research proposal means, nor do they understand its importance. To put it bluntly, ones research is only as a good as ones proposal. An ill-conceived proposal dooms the project even if it somehow gets through the Thesis Supervisory Committee. A high quality proposal, on the other hand, not only promises success for the project, but also impresses your Thesis Committee about your potential as a researcher. A research proposal is intended to convince others that you have a worthwhile research project and that you have the competence and the work-plan to complete it. Generally, a research proposal should contain all the key elements involved in the research process and include sufficient information for the readers to evaluate the proposed study. Regardless of your research area and the methodology you choose, all research proposals must address the following questions: What you plan to accomplish, why you want to do it and how you are going to do it. The proposal should have sufficient。